Mealybugs
Mealybugs are one of the most feared and serious pests that attack orchids. They propagate with great speed and in a short time lead the plant to death, either by starvation or by opening doors to an endless number of fungi and bacteria.
There are more than 70 thousand species of mealybugs, but about 40 attack orchids. Cochineal insects are actually insects of the homoptera order (to which cicadas and aphids also belong), with biting/sucking mouthparts, which feed on the sap of the plant and, when they are feeding, they are covered by a layer that is not very permeable. This is one of the reasons that makes it difficult to eliminate. If we only spray contact insecticides, this cover prevents the poison from coming into contact with the insect to kill it.
Tem preferência por se acomodarem embaixo das bulb bracts, leaf sheath, but as the population increases they take over the whole plant, even the roots, sucking a sap e_cc781905-5cde-3194 -bb3b-136bad5cf58d_introducing toxins that modify metabolism in the plant and secreting sweet viscous substances that attract ants, serving as a culture medium for the proliferation of fungi. Thus, they are often not seen in the initial phase of the attack.
Na fase de ninfa são muito pequenos_cc781905-5cde-3194-bb3b- 136bad5cf58d_e can hardly be seen without a magnifying glass.
Uma planta pode ser infestada pela compra de_cc781905-5cde-3194-bb3b- 136bad5cf58d_plantas contaminated, passage of cochineal from one plant to another or they can be brought by the wind.
_cc781905-5cde-3194-bb3b-136bad5cf58 Cocktails have many enemies and good weather ventilation makes its multiplication difficult. Inside greenhouses, the environment is very favorable for its development: many pots, less ventilation and even because mealybugs hide inside pots and substrates.
_cc781905-5cde-3194-bb3b-136bad5cf58d Control is not always easy_. Manual collection is only efficient for adult mealybugs, eggs and nymphs remaining on the plant.
_cc781905-5cde-3194-bb3b-136bad_adult life cycle . The eggs are placed inside a bag lined with wax and are born after 10 days, when they are called nifas. Nymphs are the most mobile phase of the cochineal, being able to move freely from one plant to another. Some species remain mobile in adult life, but most move to the feeding points and remain fixed there. Females and nymphs do not fly, males only live 24 hours.
_cc781905-5cde-3194-bb3b-136bad5cf58d cochonillas in two generations in hot regions and greenhouses they can reach up to eight.
They appear as an oval structure of less than one millimeter with this color_cc781905-136bad5cf5white , yellowish-white, pinkish, gray whitish, or brown e pale blue. In the adult phase, they are not very mobile, remaining fixed in the same place on the plant to feed.
It is worth mentioning that mealybugs cooperate with several ant species, in which both species benefit: for the ants Cochineals generate a sugary secretion, whereas fromigas make paths on the plants covering the cochineals with organic remains, creating protection against ladybugs, wasps and other insects, in addition to a microclimate favorable to their multiplication. So, fighting the mealybugs also means fighting the ants.
_cc781905-5cde-3194-bb3b-136bad5cf58d identify infestation early on. Once identified, if possible, isolate the plant from other healthy ones. Also analyze vases and benches, as the females leave the leaves to hide. Considering the life cycle of mealybugs, any treatment must be applied every 10 days to be effective. There are few home remedies that can help, and the use of systemic insecticides may be necessary.
Para infestações pequenas, retirar as cochonilhas esfregando a planta toda_cc781905-5cde- 3194-bb3b-136bad5cf58d_with a cotton swab soaked in isopropyl alcohol (70% alcohol) is a good solution. A soft toothbrush can also help. Do not use other types of alcohol as they will damage the orchid. You will have to repeat this procedure after a week to eliminate the newborn mealybugs. Also spray the bench in the region where the infested plant was with alcohol. You can also use a solution of rope smoke prepared in 70% alcohol (see the topic on homemade pesticides).
The use of vegetable oil also brings good results, but in hot weather it loses its effectiveness very quickly. Prepare a mixture of 500ml of 70% alcohol, 500ml of water, a tablespoon of detergent and a tablespoon of vegetable oil. Never apply any solution containing oil on hot days and always move the plant to shade to avoid burns.
_cc781905-5cde-3194-bb3b-136bad5cf5 success, as they will also be hidden in the substrate between the roots. Thus, it is also recommended that the orchid be replanted, removing all the old substrate.
Tratamento com óleo de Neem pode ser uma boa alternativa._cc781905-5cde -3194-bb3b-136bad5cf58d_
The use of contact insecticides is not usually efficient for adult mealybugs (because of the waxy carapace), but repeated use every 10 days will be efficient due to the constant elimination of the nymphs. Homemade pesticides should also be systematically applied every 10 days.
_cc781905-5cde-3194-bb3b-136bad5cf58d Every time there is_control limit 4 applications, more aggressive strategies may be required. In this case, the best thing to do is consult an agronomist so that he can technically assess the problem and prescribe a definitive solution. Never use smaller doses than those indicated on the product label. If you do that, in addition to running the risk of not solving the problem, you may also be promoting the selection of species resistant to the insecticide, a serious problem that could cause you to have generations that will no longer die from insecticides. Also, do not use higher doses, as they could damage the orchid.
_cc781905-5cde-3194-bb3b-136bad5cf58 as preventive use of pesticides is not recommended increasingly resistant species of insects, a serious problem for the crop.
caterpillars
As lagartas são simplesmente uma dos estágios of a butterfly's life, but this is not a good time for pity. Caterpillars are hungry and devour everything they see in a few moments. They are capable of ending months of cultivation, sometimes devouring the entire plant without leaving much of a trace. They start feeding as soon as they are born and only stop when they have time to form a cocoon.
_cc781905-5cde-3194-bb3b-136bad5cf58 But you will usually find the damage done by them first and you will have to look hard in an attempt to locate them.
_cc781905-5cde-3194-bb3b-136bad5b58d caterpillars in this right environment serve as a sign of caterpillars. It's about the feces, a sign that she fed there.
_cc781905-5cde-3194-bb3b-136bad5cf58d caterpillars hide inside the substrate. See in this photo on the right (circled region) where one of them hid. It would be difficult to notice if it had not left traces that made us look for them with great attention.
_cc781905-5cde-3194-bb3b-136bad5cf58 only the right plant was devoured some root tips denounce that there was an orchid growing there. If one of them enters an acclimatization collective then they will easily devour dozens of them.
caterpillars prevention is not the best option. A totally closed nursery (shading screen) will hardly allow an adult butterfly to reach your orchids to lay eggs.
_cc781905-5cde-3194-bb3b-136bad5cf58d great chance of still being there in the vessel in which it was fed. She will only have reason to look for another vessel if the food in that one has run out. There is a great chance that it is hidden in the substrate. In this case, a very efficient strategy is to dip the vase in water hoping it will run away from being drowned.
Lembre que vespas e aranhas são predadoras naturais das lagartas, então, apesar da natural resistance of many, they will be your ally in keeping the collection free of them.
There are many efficient options as repellents that will prevent caterpillars from feeding there, or even butterflies from placing their your eggs. (onion, garlic, chives, pepper, basil, coriander, peppermint).
Somente em casos de infestações severas, que sobreponham a capacidade de defensivos caseiros deve if you think about using contact insecticides.
Slugs and Snails
_cc781905-5cde-3194-bb3b-136bad5cf58 class snails are a group of the most hungry snails. Small damages can make the good growth of orchids unfeasible, since one of the parts that most attract them are precisely the new roots. And without a good group of roots, the full development of an orchid is impossible.
Identificar a sua presença na collection requires a careful eye.
Photo: Francisco Deusvando
Lesmas e caracóis tem hábitos noturnos, por isso, dificilmente voce os flagrará enquanto is in your greenhouse, but be aware of signs of its presence. Note the roots in the photo above: literally something has bitten off a part of the tip, at other times the entire tip of the root will be missing, sometimes noting that the lesion is still green indicating that the mollusk has been there for a very short time. Regardless of whether only part of the root has been devoured, this root will probably have its growth interrupted, even because this lesion opens doors for fungal and bacterial attack that will finish the job.
Another clue left, are the shiny tracks left by the mucus that covers their bodies and even their feces in fine streaks (see the photo on the right) .
Nunca subestime a capacidade de locomoção desses moluscos, são excelentes escaladores._cc781905- 5cde-3194-bb3b-136bad5cf58d_
Uma péssima notícia par aos orquidófilos is that they are hermaphrodites, that is to say that they have both male and female reproductive systems, so it is enough for just one specimen to enter your nursery, usually brought next to a vase in the middle of the substrate, for it to start laying its eggs and infesting the entire the environment.
They live around two years, one of them being an adult. up to 10 days in summer.
As for control, consider spreading baits for manual collection. These baits must be placed in such a way that they remain during the night and the collection is carried out the following morning. These baits can be pieces of watermelon rind or chayote, which slugs and snails feed on. Spread them among the pots. Another alternative is soaking pieces of cloth with beer (clams love it) which will attract them and make them hide under that cloth during the day, so just collect.
Lesmas e caracóis também são atraídos por ração para cães e gatos umidecidas. If you moisten some feed and put it under anything where the molluscs can enter, they will stay there and you can pick them up every morning.
There are also granulated lesmicides on the market that can be spread around the greenhouse. Remember that they are also toxic for humans, so be careful when handling them.
Finally, never let your guard down, controlling slugs and snails is considered difficult._cc754cde-9051-cc7819051-cc781905-5cde-3194-bb3b-136bad5cf58d_ bb3b-136bad5cf58d_
Trips
_cc781905-5cde-3194-bb3b-136bad5cf58d you must be looking at the photo next to the flower an aged flower that has already started to dry the edges and will soon wither, big mistake. The flower has only been open for three days and all you see is a flower "eaten" by a tiny being that will probably go unnoticed by the eyes of many: trips.
São na verdade várias as espécies de trips que atacam as orquídeas, podendo medir between 1 and 5 mm. To make their perception worse in the flower, as they eat the flower, their pigment gets closer and closer to that of the flower, a providential camouflage.
_cc781905-5cde-3194-bb3b-136bad5cf58 via their presence will be detected they do on that flower you've waited a whole year to see. The flowers turn prematurely brown, petals mottled with silvery or discolored streaks. In the brightly colored flowers, the discolored areas resulting from the feeding of thrips are very evident. But what many people don't know is that trips also attacks other parts of the plant. On the leaves appear chlorotic spots, wither and even fall off. The development of the plants can be stunted and in more serious cases even kill your orchid. Thrips are also related to spreading virus contamination among plants. So there's no shortage of reasons to pay attention to your control.
As fêmeas_cc781905-5cde-3194 -bb3b-136bad5cf58d_lay eggs on the surface of the plant, but often the only visible evidence of this stage is a tissue callus formed by the orchid in response to wounding. During the nymph stage they feed on the young parts of the plant and when adults they acquire the ability to fly from one plant to another.
Each female will be able to spawn up to five times a year, and in each posture, lay up to 50 eggs.
_cc781905-5cde-3194-bb3b-136bad5cf58d . Remove all types of weeds and debris from inside your greenhouse. Sanitary measures are important for the control of many pests. Blue or yellow sticky tape is efficient for capturing them.
_cc781905-5cde-3194-bb3b-136bad5cf58 usually lays its eggs in tripe areas plant away from the reach of insecticide applications. Therefore, sprayings must be repeated every week for effective elimination. Products such as malathion and orthene are safe to apply to orchids and are effective.
devilish speciosa
Popularmente conhecidas por vaquinha, vaquinha verde, brasileirinho ou patriota._cc781905-5cde-3194- bb3b-136bad5cf58d_
São besouros_cc781905-5cde-3194 -bb3b-136bad5cf58d_ which cause major problems in many cultures. The eggs are laid near the base of the plant and during the larval stage they live in the soil and last for 25 to 35 days. They are whitish larvae that feed on the roots and can even kill a plant. During its short life cycle, a Diabrotic lays 2000 eggs, quickly spread over large areas.
Na fase adulta adquirem a habilidade to fly with great agility, with the ability to perceive our presence, hide and even let ourselves fall to later flee in flight.
_cc781905-5cde-3194-bb3b-136 alibad5cf58 flowers are mainly planted and polled but they can also attack young leaves. The destroyed parts of the flower are normally the point of identification of the pest before seeing it.
In addition to direct damage, Diabrotics are vectors of viruses, bacteria and fungi that attack orchids.
_cc781905-5cde-3194-bb3b-136bad5cf58 bottle water trap can be made with PET water trap It is a pheromone that attacks males.
O uso de inseticidas também pode be done, but as they are very mobile, applications will be required every 15 days.
_cc781905-5cde-3194-bb3b-136bad5cf58 However, you have a small number of vessels, sed_ solution simpler and collect the plants still in bud for a closed space like inside your house.
Some Diabrotics feed on parts of cucurbit plants, not being parasitized, but to ingest a substance called curcubitacin, which is toxic to some natural predators._cc7819315-4cde-5 bb3b-136bad5cf58d_Spiders and some species of ants are natural enemies.
Mites
Perhaps the biggest problem here is that we are talking about a microscopic being, so there are no conditions to see them with the naked eye. As with other pests, their identification will be based on the damage they leave on your orchid.
_cc781905-5cde-3194-bb3b-136bad5cf58 on this photo, look at the arrow on the left. Mites attack mainly the underside of the leaf. Spider mites scrape the leaf killing the surface layer cells, resulting in a silvery/whitish appearance underneath. On top there is usually a yellowish color (tinted) that becomes darker over time.
_cc781905-5cde-3194-bb3b-136bad5cf58d are spiders' presence, relatives, and other forms of spiders is the possible formation of webs on the underside of the leaves. These webs are more visible against the light and, with close attention, you will be able to identify small dots, which are the mites moving in the web (see below). Not all mites make webs.
_cc781905-5cde-sheet-3194-bb3b-136bad5cf58d with the help of a white magnifying glass and view a Bater_apa it might be useful to identify them
damages especially small plants direct damage, mites are important vectors of disease, even viruses.
A partir do momento que a colony becomes overcrowded, forms with wings appear, flying to new plants and starting a new colony.
_cc781905-5cde-3194-bb3b-136bad5cf58d motif is better able to se_mites simple: mites need sugar
large amounts of sap to develop, and as the sap is very dilute, they have to throw away the sucked water, and they can do this most efficiently in dry weather. In view of this, one of the ways to reduce the attack of mites is
increase air humidity in the greenhouse. Washing the leaves with soap and water also decreases their population.
_cc781905-5cde-3194-bb3b-136bad5cf58Combat is not very efficient_with pesticides. If necessary, acaricides should be used. Pay attention that there are acaricides that cannot be used on orchids. For combat, very generous sprays should be applied every 3 or 4 days, with a minimum of eight applications.
Os ovos são postos em incisões em bulbs and leaves, and as soon as they are born they start to suck the leaf. In 20 days they are already adults.
Thentecoris orchidearum
One of the quickest and smartest insects that attack orchids: at the slightest sign of their presence, they quickly hide under the leaves, but cannot hide the damage they do to plants.
Os primeiros sinais são manchas brancas nas folhas , named stigmonose (see pictures). The spots are the result of the activity of sucking the sap, injuring the region permanently. As they continue sucking, they lead the plant to death quickly (see photo on the side).
Unfortunately, the damage doesn't end with the simple sucking of the sap. While they are sucking, they inject toxic saliva that dissolves the tissue, causing tissue necrosis, opening doors for fungi and bacteria.
_cc781905-5cde-3194-bb3b-136bad5cf58 has dark blue to medium orange wings with half orange wings when adults (looks black), so much so that they are nicknamed flamenguinhos. When young, it has a black color.
A forma mais simples de eliminá-los é como simples sprays de inseticidas domestic (type SBP). Another efficient way is to spray garlic syrup (see recipe in the topic "homemade pesticides). Normally, the use of heavier pesticides is not necessary.
Oniscidea (little armadillo)
They are isopods that live in the soil better known by their popular names: bichos-de-conta, porquinhos-de-santo-antão,_cc781905-5cde-3194-bb3b -136bad5cf58d_armadillos, armadillos, garden armadillos ou_cc781905-5cde-3194-bb3b-136bad5cf-5sarad. There are more than 120 species of them in Brazil.
_cc781905-5cde-3194-bb3b-136bad5cf58d pots can be heavily infested. They are usually nocturnal. The combination of nocturnal habits with the fact that they live inside the substrate means that seeds are discovered in case of replanting.
_cc781905-5cde-3194-bb3b-136bad5cf58d orchids cause root problems feed themselves. A simple way to check their presence is to immerse the vase in a basin of water, which will make them rise to avoid drowning.
The fight can be done using baits such as adobora bark or papaya, which will attract the cristaceans e allowing manual picking in the morning.
_cc781905-5cde-3194-bb3b-136bad5cf58 need to be used in large quantities to be effective insecticides the entire substrate.
But the best way is prevention. First, take care to acquire good quality substrate without contamination and, second, do not leave the vases in contact with the ground, preventing the armadillos from entering the vase._cc781905-5cde-3194-bb3b- 136bad5cf58d_
aphids
Slow-moving insects, translucent bodies so full of sap that they suck practically non-stop. Practically impossible that any collection of orchids has never had the presence of this pest. The fragility that one assumes when seeing his movements and his body are not consistent with the ability to cause damage.
_cc781905-5cde-3194-bb3b-136bad5cf58d Imagine a day of eggs that lays eggs per day! during their 30 days of life and in seven days they are already adults. This makes clear its incredible ability to multiply and infest your greenhouse. When a plant is heavily infested, they can establish wings to fly to the next plants.
But the most interesting thing is the complicity they have with the ants. As aphids suck much more than they can digest, they continuously excrete a sugary liquid that ants feed on. In return, the ants transport the aphids to the most lush and sap-filled parts of the plant, where they can suck a greater volume and excrete more sugary liquid for the ants. Analyzing coldly, the aphids are "employees" of the ants, but they don't seem to care much about it. The sugary liquid is also a substrate for the development of fungi that will also cause damage to your orchid.
growth and that they are receiving most of the nutrients like buds and flower buds. In these parts, they easily cause bud atrophy and bud abortion by robbing them of all nutrients. In addition, aphid saliva is often toxic to plants.
_cc781905-5cde-3194-bb3b-136bad5cf58d Good news is that aphids are easy to control. A simple spray of soap solution is enough to kill them (see topic on homemade pesticides). This solution must be reapplied one week after the first application.
nematodes
This is yet another pest that is not visible to the naked eye. There are more than 5000 species and are popularly known as "worms" and are no more than a millimeter in length.
Podem atacar qualquer parte da orquídea , but they usually start the attack by the roots, causing them to rot. Regardless of the site of attack, they always leave open lesions where fungi and bacteria attack.
Nematoides entrem na orquídea através de feridas ou aberturas naturais cmo estomatos. The movement of nematodes within the plant causes tissue destruction that becomes visible as lines on the surface of stems and leaves, root rot or shoot atrophy. In the figures on the side can be seen the symptoms of nematode attack on an Oncidium sp. In the first figure, the letter H indicates the development of a normal floral stem and the other three, as the attack of nematodes. In D1 e D2, the sheaths are dry and there has been no development of flower buds. In D3, the sheaths are yellowish and slightly separated from the stem. In figure 2, the sa points to a black line, which is simply the path that the nematode took inside the orchid.
Flores podem ser deformadas ou atrofiadas e até mesmo apodrecerem._cc781905-5cde -3194-bb3b-136bad5cf58d_ It is true that the magnitude of the symptoms can vary according to the condition of the plant. If it is weak, it can easily die, on the contrary it will become stunted and may not flower.
A figura ao lado mostra a nematode lesion on a dendrobium leaf.
_cc781905-5cde-3194-bb3b-136bad5cf58parasitic nematode controls. Prevention is the key to successful control. Nematodes are not present in seedlings and must be infected for them to appear there. The first care is with the acquisition of plants, which must always be kept in quarantine to observe the appearance of any symptoms. Some growers use ash on their plants, and it is very common for ash to be contaminated with nematodes. Many times the source of contamination is the substrate. Do not use substrate pots that have been in contact with the soil.
_cc781905-5cde-3194-bb3b-136bad5cf58d If you choose to reuse the min_0 materials of pots, leave min0 to reuse pots or materials in a 10% sodium hypochlorite solution. Add a few drops of detergent to increase effectiveness. Small animals such as frogs, mice, slugs, snails and cockroaches can carry nematodes to their vessels.
Nematoides se multiplicam em considiçoes umidas e as infestações praticamente desaparecem em tempo seco.
fungus mosquito
Bradysia sp; Sclara sp; Orfélia sp.
Yeah a fragile black mosquito, measuring 4 to 6 mm that flies in a zigzag pattern over the substrate. Its larva is semi-transparent with about 4 to 7mm in length that lives in the humid substrate and feeds on the decomposing parts of the orchid. However, as their population increases, they also feed on living parts. Weak or pre-affected plants are preferred to receive mosquito eggs.
Cada fêmea coloca em torno de 150 eggs that hatch in 3 or 4 days. The time from the eggs hatching until the mosquito becomes an adult is 4 weeks.
São mais facilmente encontradas em substratos a base de cascas ou musgo No substrato umido , the larvae eat the new roots, opening lesions that will allow root fungus to enter. In severe infestations the substrate is quickly decomposed, which is also a real problem for cultivation. -bb3b-136bad5cf58d_
_cc781905-5cde-3194-bb3b-136bad5cf58 times. They preferentially infest Phalaenopsis and Miltonia, but can also be found in Dendrobium and Oncidiums.
Para o seu controle, aprimeira providencia é eliminar do orquidário todo tipo de sujera and slimes. Yellow sticky cards can be used to assess the level of infestation. Chemical control of larvae infestation in the substrate is practically impossible even with very toxic insecticides.
Source: A. Hark Orchideen GmbH & Co. KG • Windmüllerstr. 25 • 59557 Lippstadt – Germany
wasps (calorileya nigraIt isEurytoma orchidearum)
When we talk about wasps, we cannot confuse them with the wasps that we normally know and that are very useful for orchids. We are talking here about calorileya nigraand theEurytoma orchidearum.
A Calorileya nigra é conhecida como vespinha negra e seu tamanho aduto não_cc781905-5cde -3194-bb3b-136bad5cf58d_beyond 2.5mm, but the big problem is their larvae. The black wasp lays her eggs at the tips of orchid roots. The eggs will hatch into small whitish larvae that will feed on the root tissue and a swelling will appear as the larva grows. Naturally this root will stop growing. After becoming an adult, the wasp will leave the tip of the root through a small hole and start its cycle again.
Já o Eyrytoma orchidearum, o adulto é a wasp about 4 mm long. They have a black body, clear and transparent wings and a female lays the eggs in the new flower bulbs, close to the base. After hatching, the larvae start feeding, making holes that serve as shelter. After a few days, it turns into pupae, reaching the adult stage after 50 to 60 days.
As larvas corroem o interior dos rebentos ou dos bulbos florais, tornando-os swollen and fragile; the color initially changes from reddish brown to black, resulting in the destruction of the flower still in the embryonic stage, and may also cause the attacked bud to dry up. It is not uncommon for the orchidist to mistake an attacked bud, thinking that it is a very strong bud, since in fact, in the stages before its death, it becomes swollen, appearing to be very strong.
Os ataques de Calorileya nigra não constumam causar maiores danos as orquideas, mas os of Eurytoma can lead the plant to death.
O combate deve ser realizado a partir de inseticidas sistemicos._cc781905-5cde -3194-bb3b-136bad5cf58d_
Cockroaches
There are over 3500 species of cockroaches in the world. They are very resistant insects, reproduce quickly and have few natural enemies. They are capable of surviving thirty days without water and up to three months on food.
Nas_cc781905-5cde-3194- bb3b-136bad5cf58d_orchids cause damage by feeding on roots, young stems and flowers. As it has nocturnal habits, it should normally be detected by the presence of buds, roots and nibbled flowers.
Normalmente entram pela drenagem dos vases and are hidden in the substrate.
Locusts
It is not one of the most common pests to see in orchids, but they are capable of causing enormous damage. Regardless of the species, are not fliers but are highly mobile, they can appear in your collection overnight.
_cc781905-5cde-3194-bb3b-136bad5cf58d The females lay their eggs in the soil_nind in groups to start feeding.
_cc781905-5cde-3194-bb3b-136bad5cf58 can be fed with their own preferred feed types. that is available depending on the opportunity.
Inseticidas podem ser efetivos, principalmentena fase de ninfa, mas as maneira mais efetiva controlling them is manual collection.
Mosquito Contarinia maculipennis
They are known as orchid flower gnats. Contarinia maculipensis was probably brought from Cambodia, Japan and Thailand to the Americas along with orchid species. These mosquitoes can feed on many plants, and on orchids they attack flower buds and flowers. The attack can cause the buds to drop, but they usually cause floral deformations.
_cc781905-5cde-3194 -bb3b-136bad5cf58d_For their development, these mosquitoes need high humidity and a humid environment for the pupae to develop.
O mosquito coloca os seus ovos nos botões floral. Both eggs and developing larvae cannot be perceived with the bud closed, only being noticed when great damage has already been done. In a single bud something like 30 larvae can be found. When mature, the larvae move to the substrate, where they pass to the pupal stage. Three weeks later it transforms into mosquitoes. (2.5-3 mm)
To destroy all the affected parts_ to prevent larval development. Also remove all weeds. correct spacing between planes to reduce contagion. Systemic insecticides can be helpful, but should be applied weekly for three to four weeks.
beetles
Diorymerellus lepagei, Diorymerellus minensis, Mordellistena cattleyana
Species of beetles very common in Brazil that prefers to attack flower buds, destroying them. They measure around 3mm.
O dano é causado quando a femea do Diorymerellus_cc781905-5cde-3194- bb3b-136bad5cf58d_ perforates the button to lay its eggs. After hatching, the larvae feed on the flower's tissues. They rarely attack young leaves.
Já os besouros da espécie Mordelistena cattleyana são a little smaller, measuring about 2mm. The female of this beetle lays her eggs on the leaves and after hatching the larvae feed on the leaves forming galleries, which is why they are also called mining larvae.
The eggs are almost always laid on the upper part of the leaf. After hatching, the larvae pierce the leaf to feed on the parenchyma. The larva is about 1mm long and makes galleries generally in the direction of the leaf veins. N As it grows it can reach up to 7mm, and a leaf can have dozens of them on a single leaf.
Para o tratamento, é aconselhado o corte e queima da folha._cc781905 -5cde-3194-bb3b-136bad5cf58d_ Treatments by means of insecticide injections in the galleries, using a syringe, may also be indicated. This operation would only be advisable in the case of a rare orchid with few leaves. On lightly attacked plants, where it is possible to cut the leaves with galleries without harming the plant, this is always the most recommended process.
Um ponto importante_cc781905-5cde- 3194-bb3b-136bad5cf58d_is that very often the leaves have numerous galleries, but the adult insects have already left and, therefore, in these cases, there is no need for any treatment. It is easily verified whether the insect has already left the plant by the presence, in the leaves, of the holes made by the adults as they leave, or by examining some leaves with a magnifying glass.
Moth
Castnia (Orthia) therapon
Castnia therapon moths fly quickly during the hottest hours of the day and, when they land, their wings are extended over their bodies.
_cc781905-5cde-3194 -bb3b-136bad5cf58d_ Para as orquídeas o problemas não são as mariposas em si , but the fact that they lay eggs and the larvae pierce the pseudobulbs and feed on the tissues, forming large galleries, which may even make the survival of the attacked bulb unfeasible. They can evolve the attack to the rhizome and roots.
_cc781905-5cde-3194 -bb3b-136bad5cf58d_When fully developed, they weave a cocoon, largely made up of strips of plant tissue held together by silk thread, and transform into chrysalis.
